Non-Restricted, Restricted, Prohibited: How Does Canada Classify Firearms?
Author : Victory Ridge Sports | Published On : 13 Nov 2026
Canada classifies firearms into three classes: non-restricted, restricted and prohibited. Most ordinary hunting rifles and shotguns are non-restricted. The class determines the licence you need and the rules for storage, transport and use. The RCMP maintains the reference information used to confirm each firearm's classification.
Firearm classification is one of the most confusing topics for new Canadian gun owners. The rules are detailed, and they can change. This is a plain-language overview, not legal advice. Always check the RCMP's official information before buying.
The three classes
| Class | What it generally covers | Licence |
|---|---|---|
| Non-restricted | Most ordinary rifles and shotguns used for hunting and sport | PAL |
| Restricted | Handguns that are not prohibited, and certain other firearms | RPAL |
| Prohibited | Firearms that are prohibited by law or regulation | Only those with specific grandfathered privileges |
Why configuration matters
Classification depends on the firearm's exact design and configuration. Factors like barrel length, overall length, action type and specific model can all affect the class. That is why two firearms that look similar can be classified differently, and why adding or changing parts can matter.
How to check a firearm's classification
- Ask the retailer for the model's Firearms Reference Table (FRT) number.
- Check the RCMP's information on classes of firearms.
- If the firearm is new or unusual, read the manufacturer's documentation carefully.
- Contact the Canadian Firearms Program if anything is unclear.
A real example
New products show why this matters. The G6, a compact 12 gauge made in Ontario, is listed by the RCMP as an accessory under FRT# 20083, and as a non-restricted firearm when attached to its own G6 stock. It must only be mounted on approved non-restricted host firearms. This overview of the G6 and its RCMP classification walks through the details.
Why it matters to you
- Licensing. You need the right licence for the class.
- Storage and transport. Rules differ by class.
- Hunting. Provincial hunting regulations also set rules on what firearms can be used for which game.
Common misunderstandings
- "It looks like a hunting rifle, so it must be non-restricted." Appearance does not decide classification. The specific model and configuration do.
- "If I could buy it, it will always stay legal." Classifications can change through new regulations. Stay informed.
- "Accessories never matter." Some accessories and modifications can affect classification or legality.
Where to learn more
The Canadian Firearms Safety Course covers classification basics, and the RCMP's Canadian Firearms Program publishes official information on firearm classes, licensing, storage and transport. If you are ever unsure about a specific firearm, those are the sources to trust.
Classification and transport
Transport rules are one of the most practical reasons to understand classification. Non-restricted firearms can generally be transported unloaded for lawful purposes, while restricted firearms need authorization to transport and have stricter conditions. Always check the current rules from the Canadian Firearms Program before travelling with any firearm.
Classification and storage
Storage rules also depend on the class. In general, firearms must be stored unloaded, with trigger locks or in a locked container, and ammunition stored separately or securely. Restricted firearms have stricter requirements. Getting storage right protects your family and keeps your licence in good standing.
Buying for someone else?
Because classification and licensing are so specific, buying a firearm as a gift is rarely simple. A gift certificate is usually the better choice. Here are some licence-free gift ideas for hunters and shooters if you are shopping this season.
The rules can feel complicated, but the habit is simple: confirm the classification before you buy, every time.
