New Energy Excavator Development Trends - Analysis of Core Components of the Hydraulic System and Fa

Author : rticlesca rticlesca | Published On : 26 May 2026

The hydraulic system, as the power lifeline of the New Energy Excavator Development Trends, utilizes hydraulic oil as the transmission medium to convert the mechanical energy output from the engine into high-pressure hydraulic energy. These energies are then precisely distributed by control elements to actuators such as hydraulic cylinders and traveling motors, completing a series of heavy operations including boom lifting, bucket digging, steering, and movement. Among them, the main pump and the directional valve are the two core components of the hydraulic system, directly determining the operating efficiency, motion stability, and load capacity of the machine. They are also the key targets for routine fault diagnosis, and most hydraulic system faults can be resolved by focusing on these two components.

As the power source of the system, the main pump mostly adopts a slanted plate axial variable displacement piston pump. Its core function is to complete energy conversion and automatically adjust the flow rate according to the load size. When the load is light, the speed is increased; when the load is heavy, the force is enhanced to balance the operation efficiency and digging power. Most main pump failures are common problems, usually manifested as slow and weak overall movement, abnormal noise and overheating. The fundamental cause is usually oil suction pipe leakage, piston wear on the interior, pressure regulator getting stuck or excessive internal leakage. The troubleshooting principle is from simple to difficult: first check the hydraulic oil level, quality and filter, then test the system pressure to determine the internal leakage situation.

The multi-directional valve serves as the control center of the system, integrating various valves such as the reversing valve, relief valve, locking valve, and regeneration valve. It is responsible for precisely regulating the direction, flow rate, and pressure of the hydraulic oil to ensure the coordinated movement of a single motion and composite materials. The main faults of the multi-directional valve are local issues, often occurring in single-motion jamming, automatic boom sinking, stroke drift, and uncoordinated movement of composite materials. These are mainly caused by the jamming of the line shaft, failure of the locking valve seal, or excessive internal leakage of the valve. The key is to clean the line shaft and test the performance of the locking valve to quickly locate and repair the faults. Regularly replacing qualified hydraulic oil and dedicated filters, and inspecting the pipe seals can effectively reduce the failure rate of core components and extend the service life of the entire machine.

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