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Intramural Leiomyoma of Uterus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Author : USA Fibroid Center | Published On : 07 Mar 2026

An intramural leiomyoma of the uterus is one of the most common types of uterine fibroids. These noncancerous growths develop inside the muscular wall of the uterus and can vary in size from very small nodules to large masses that affect the shape and function of the uterus.

If you want more detailed information about this condition, you can explore this guide on intramural leiomyoma of uterus.

In this article, we’ll explain what intramural leiomyomas are, their symptoms, causes, and the treatment options available for managing them.

What Is an Intramural Leiomyoma of the Uterus?

An intramural leiomyoma (also called an intramural fibroid) is a benign tumor that develops within the muscular wall of the uterus.

Fibroids are made of smooth muscle cells and connective tissue and are usually noncancerous. Intramural fibroids are the most common type of uterine fibroid, growing directly within the uterine wall rather than inside the uterine cavity or outside the uterus.

These fibroids may appear alone or in clusters and can grow large if not treated.

Types of Intramural Fibroids

Intramural fibroids are often categorized based on their position within the uterus.

1. Anterior Intramural Fibroid

  • Develops in the front wall of the uterus.

2. Posterior Intramural Fibroid

  • Grows in the back wall of the uterus.

3. Fundal Intramural Fibroid

  • Forms in the upper part of the uterus, known as the fundus.

The location of the fibroid can influence symptoms and possible treatment approaches.

Symptoms of Intramural Leiomyoma

Some women with intramural fibroids may not experience symptoms, especially when the fibroids are small. However, larger fibroids can cause noticeable health issues.

Common symptoms include:

  • Heavy menstrual bleeding

  • Bleeding between periods

  • Pelvic pain or pressure

  • Lower back pain

  • Frequent urination

  • Constipation

  • Enlarged abdomen or bloating

  • Fatigue due to anemia from heavy bleeding

Large fibroids may also press on nearby organs such as the bladder or bowel, causing urinary or digestive symptoms.

Causes of Intramural Leiomyoma

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to their development.

Hormonal Factors

Estrogen and progesterone are believed to stimulate fibroid growth.

Genetic Factors

Women with a family history of fibroids may have a higher risk.

Abnormal Uterine Cells

Some experts believe fibroids develop from abnormal cells in the uterine wall.

Lifestyle factors such as obesity may also increase the risk of fibroids.

Can Intramural Fibroids Affect Fertility?

Yes, in some cases intramural fibroids may affect fertility and pregnancy.

Large intramural fibroids can:

  • Distort the shape of the uterus

  • Interfere with embryo implantation

  • Increase the risk of miscarriage

  • Cause complications during pregnancy

However, many women with small fibroids can still conceive and carry healthy pregnancies.

How Intramural Fibroids Are Diagnosed

Doctors usually diagnose fibroids during a pelvic exam or through imaging tests.

Common diagnostic tools include:

  • Ultrasound – uses sound waves to create images of the uterus

  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – provides detailed images of fibroid size and location

  • CT scan – offers detailed cross-sectional images of the uterus

  • Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) – an X-ray procedure used when fertility issues are suspected

These tests help doctors determine the number, size, and location of fibroids before recommending treatment.

Treatment Options for Intramural Leiomyoma

Treatment depends on factors such as fibroid size, symptoms, and whether the patient plans to have children.

1. Watchful Waiting

If fibroids are small and do not cause symptoms, doctors may recommend monitoring them without immediate treatment.

Fibroids often grow slowly and may shrink after menopause.

2. Medications

Certain medications can help control fibroid symptoms.

Examples include:

  • Hormone-regulating medications

  • Birth control pills to manage heavy bleeding

  • GnRH medications that reduce hormone levels

  • Pain relievers for cramps and pelvic discomfort

These treatments usually manage symptoms rather than remove fibroids completely.

3. Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)

Uterine Fibroid Embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that shrinks fibroids by blocking the blood supply feeding them.

During the procedure:

  1. A catheter is inserted into an artery through the wrist or groin.

  2. Tiny particles are injected into the uterine arteries.

  3. The particles block blood flow to the fibroid.

  4. The fibroid gradually shrinks.

UFE is performed in an outpatient setting and allows patients to keep their uterus.

4. Myomectomy

A myomectomy is surgery that removes fibroids while preserving the uterus.

This procedure may be recommended for women who want to maintain fertility.

5. Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy involves removing the uterus completely. This permanently eliminates fibroids but also ends the possibility of pregnancy.

Doctors usually recommend this option only in severe cases.

When Should You See a Doctor?

You should consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

  • Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding

  • Persistent pelvic pain

  • Abdominal swelling

  • Difficulty getting pregnant

  • Frequent urination or constipation

Early diagnosis can help prevent fibroids from growing larger and causing complications.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is an intramural leiomyoma of the uterus?

An intramural leiomyoma is a noncancerous fibroid that grows within the muscular wall of the uterus.

2. Are intramural fibroids dangerous?

They are usually not dangerous but can cause symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure on nearby organs.

3. Can intramural fibroids cause infertility?

Large intramural fibroids may interfere with implantation or pregnancy, but many women with fibroids can still conceive.

4. How are intramural fibroids treated?

Treatment options include medications, uterine fibroid embolization, myomectomy, or hysterectomy depending on symptoms and fibroid size.

5. Can intramural fibroids shrink without surgery?

Yes. Some fibroids shrink naturally after menopause or with certain medical treatments that reduce hormone levels.

✅ Conclusion

An intramural leiomyoma of the uterus is a common type of fibroid that grows within the uterine wall. Although these growths are noncancerous, they can cause symptoms such as heavy periods, pelvic pain, and fertility challenges when they become large.

Fortunately, several treatment options—from medication to minimally invasive procedures like uterine fibroid embolization—can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Consulting a healthcare provider can help determine the best treatment based on your individual condition.