What is the role of IR spectroscopy in analyzing different chemical structures?

Author : kumar shrey | Published On : 31 Jan 2024

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive and label-free method that examines the vibrational module of compounds, therefore providing a system-specific spectrum. It is being utilized in several industries and is perfect for many kinds of substances, including liquids, solids, and gases.

The quick development of infrared spectroscopic techniques that permit the collection of the IR spectrum from a selected sample area at lateral resolutions ranging from micro to nanoscales, their application to more complicated biological systems like tissues and whole cells, has acquired a great deal of importance in medicine and biology. Also, IR spectroscopy setups are constantly being developed and enhanced in a broad range of ways due to their numerous benefits. In addition to this, according to the research report of Astute Analytica, the global IR spectroscopy market is growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.6% during the forecast period from 2022 to 2030.

The role of IR spectroscopy in analyzing different chemical structures is: –

• Labeling of Functional Groups

The labeling of the functional groups in a molecule can be easily done by the usage of IR spectroscopy. The vibrational ways of various functional groups are liable for their distinctive peaks in the IR spectra.

Examples:

1. Phenols and alcohols have O-H stretching.
2. Carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids) reveal C=O stretching.
3. Alkenes exhibit C=C stretching.

Structural Description

1. This allows researchers to comprehend the sort of bonds that exist within a molecule established on their pattern of absorption peaks on an IR spectrum.
2. Such types of bonding vibrations as N-H, C-H, and O-H add to the overall complexity of the spectrum.

Quantitative Analysis:

1. It can also be utilized for quantitative analysis, therefore providing information about the concentration of particular components or functional groups in a sample.
2. Quantitative measurements utilizing peak integration and calibration curves can be made.

• Drug Development

In pharmaceutical research, IR spectroscopy is utilized for examining drug molecules. It allows for confirmation of drug formulation integrity, ensuring the presence of the key functional groups, and follow-up on chemical reactions during drug synthesis.

• Polymer Characterization

IR spectroscopy is generally utilized for polymer structure analysis in polymer chemistry. It allows to determination of monomeric units, assesses degrees of polymerization as well, and demonstrates the presence of specific side groups.

• Quality Management in Industries

IR spectroscopy commonly utilized for quality management purposes across various industries ensures the absence or presence of consistency and purity of chemical products by confirming the occurrence of specific chemical groups and noticing impurities.

• Environmental Analysis

IR spectroscopy is necessary for environmental scientists to analyze impurities and pollutants found in water and air samples. It allows them to determine particular chemical species, and also identify the environmental influence of different substances.

• Forensic Analysis

IR spectroscopy also plays a role in forensic science as it assists in identifying unknown substances. Criminal investigations deliver an understanding of trace evidence examination, illegal drug detection, and other crucial information.

• Biomolecule and Protein Analysis

Proteins and other biomolecules can be examined utilizing IR spectroscopy, which delivers an important understanding of the composition, interactions, and structure of these molecules.