The actual Bioinorganic Hormone balance regarding Mammalian Metallothioneins.

Author : Kejser Rowe | Published On : 01 May 2025

Background Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous lung biopsy is usually performed by helical scanning. However, there are no studies on radiation dose, diagnostic accuracy, image quality, and complications based on axial scan mode. Purpose To determine radiation dose, accuracy, image quality, and complication rate following an ultra-low-dose (ULD) protocol for CT-guided lung biopsy in clinic. Material and methods A total of 105 patients were enrolled to receive CT-guided lung biopsy. The use of an ULD protocol (axial scan) for CT-guided biopsy was initiated. Patients were randomly assigned to axial mode (Group A) and conventional helical mode (Group B) CT groups. 64-slice CT was performed for CT-guided pulmonary biopsy with an 18-G coaxial cutting biopsy needle. The radiation dose, accuracy, image quality, and complication rate were measured. Results Ninety-seven patients were selected for the final phase of the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups for pulmonary nodule characteristics (P > 0.05). The mean effective dose in group A (0.077 ± 0.010 mSv) was significantly reduced relative to group B (0.653 ± 0.177 mSv, P 0.050) between the two modes. Conclusion An ULD protocol for CT-guided lung nodule biopsy yields a reduction in the radiation dose without significant change in the accuracy, image quality, and complication rate relative to the conventional helical mode scan.The free and protein-bound amino acid composition of the herb and roots of Smallanthus sonchifolius was analyzed by HPLC method. Fourteen free and fifteen protein-bound amino acids were determined in yacon herb, and three free and fourteen protein-bound amino acids in the roots. Among the free amino acids, proline (0.44 µg/mg) and aspartic acid (0.12 µg/mg) were dominant in the herb and proline (0.28 µg/mg) in the roots. Among the protein-bound amino acids, aspartic acid (18.58 µg/mg), glutamic acid (16.33 µg/mg) and proline (14.52 µg/mg) prevailed in the herb, and proline (3.14 μg/mg) in the roots. Fructose, sucrose and arabinose were identified in free form in the herb of S. sonchifolius applying gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The polysaccharide complex was obtained from yacon herb, its yield was 5.13 ± 0.09%. Fructose (3.11 µg/mg) was the only monosaccharide identified in the hydrolysate of the obtained complex.To identify possible interactions of components in dosage forms, studies are usually carried out at the stage of pharmaceutical development. Such studies can predict compatibility of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients in order to optimize drug formulation and certain parameters of technological process. Compatibility of some components of a newly developed neuroprotective medicinal product Neuronucleos, namely, thioctic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, magnesium stearate and magnesium lactate, was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). No interactions were observed between thioctic acid and pyridoxine hydrochloride. Formation of an intermolecular complex between thioctic acid and magnesium stearate was established, in which this acid substitutes the crystalline water of magnesium stearate. No significant interactions were found for magnesium lactate with thioctic acid or magnesium stearate. Thus, pharmaceutical compatibility of the most of the tested Neuronucleos components was studied and established, with the only exception (thioctic acid with magnesium stearate). Moreover, the present study provides valuable information about thermal effects in a certain temperature range, which is important for setting the technological process parameters.The aim of this work was to develop medicated chewing gums (MCGs) containing 10 mg of lysozyme hydrochloride (LH) and 20 mg of ascorbic acid (AsA) obtained by the compression method with Health in Gum® (HiG®) PWD 01 as a compressible gum base. Because of a low content of active ingredients, it was essential to choose the way of adding them to the tableting mass and evaluate their distribution homogeneity in the dosage units. The blends for compression were prepared by two methods the first one was simple mixing of all components; the second one included the step of wet granulation of a three-component mixture - LH, sucralose and a taste additive. Flow properties of LH, AsA, HiG®, LH granules and blends for compression were studied. MCGs were evaluated according to Ph.Eur. 9.0 Chapters 2.9.5, 2.9.6 and 2.9.40. AsA and HiG® were characterized as free flowing, while LH had insufficient flow properties. read more Compared with a simple mixed blend, the granulation step allowed significantly improving flow properties of the final blend for compression. Unlike MCGs compressed from the simple mixed blend, MCGs prepared through the granulation step met Ph.Eur. 9.0 Chapter 2.9.40 requirements. The propriety of MCG preparation method involving the step of wet granulation also has been confirmed by mass and drug content uniformity tests.Currently, nerve agents are often used in terrorist attacks or assassinations. In such cases, it is necessary to detect them quickly, accurately and easily right in the field. Detection tubes, which are small devices containing pellets with immobilized cholinesterase and detection reagents, meet these conditions. Their detection mechanism is based on a highly sensitive enzymatic Ellman reaction, when in the absence of cholinesterase inhibitors the pellets develop a visible yellow color, whereas in their presence the carriers retain the original color. The rate of reaction, its sensitivity and the distinct color transition are the key points of the research. In this experiment, double-coated pellets were prepared. The first coating contained the butyrylcholinesterase immobilized in hypromellose, while the second coating consisted of ethylcellulose and triethyl citrate. Based on the properties of such carriers, samples containing lactose dispersed in the ethylcellulose coating were also prepared, which was expected to have an effect on increasing the permeability of the coating and hence the detection rate and color intensity. In addition to selected physicochemical properties, carriers were evaluated for enzyme activity, sensitivity and color transition intensity. Samples showing the best properties were subjected to a 24-months stability test at three different temperatures and humidity.