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Understanding Uterine Artery Embolization: A Non-Surgical Solution for Fibroid Relief

Author : USA Fibroid Center | Published On : 16 Jun 2025

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. While many women with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may face painful and disruptive symptoms, including heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and frequent urination. For those seeking relief without undergoing a hysterectomy or invasive surgery, uterine artery embolization (UAE) has become a popular option. This minimally invasive procedure offers a safe and effective alternative for managing fibroid symptoms and improving quality of life.

What is Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE)?

Uterine artery embolization, often referred to as uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), is a non-surgical procedure designed to treat uterine fibroids. The procedure involves blocking the blood vessels that supply blood to the fibroids, causing them to shrink and die. By cutting off the blood flow, the fibroids are deprived of the nutrients they need to grow, leading to a reduction in size and a decrease in symptoms.

This procedure is typically performed by an interventional radiologist, a specialist trained in minimally invasive techniques. It offers several advantages over traditional surgical treatments such as myomectomy or hysterectomy, including a shorter recovery time, lower risk of complications, and the preservation of the uterus.

How is Uterine Artery Embolization Performed?

Uterine artery embolization is a relatively simple and quick procedure. Here’s an overview of the process:

  1. Consultation and Evaluation: Before undergoing UAE, your doctor will perform a thorough evaluation, which may include imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI to confirm the presence of fibroids and assess their size and location. You will also discuss your medical history, symptoms, and any concerns with your healthcare provider.

  2. Anesthesia and Access: UAE is usually performed under local anesthesia with sedation. This ensures that the patient is comfortable and relaxed during the procedure. The interventional radiologist will insert a small catheter into the femoral artery, typically through a tiny incision in the groin area.

  3. Embolization: Using real-time X-ray imaging (fluoroscopy), the doctor guides the catheter to the uterine arteries that supply blood to the fibroids. Tiny particles are then injected into the blood vessels to block the blood flow. This process is carefully monitored to ensure that only the fibroids are affected, and surrounding tissues remain unharmed.

  4. Post-Procedure Care: After the procedure, patients are monitored for a few hours. Most patients can go home the same day, although some may need to stay overnight for observation. It is common to experience mild cramping and vaginal discharge for a few days after the procedure as the fibroids begin to shrink.

Benefits of Uterine Artery Embolization

  1. Minimally Invasive: One of the key advantages of UAE is that it is a minimally invasive procedure. There are no large incisions, which significantly reduces the risk of infection and scarring. It is performed through a small catheter inserted into the groin or wrist, making it less traumatic for the body.

  2. Shorter Recovery Time: Compared to traditional surgery, uterine artery embolization requires a much shorter recovery period. Most women are able to return to their normal activities within 1 to 2 weeks, compared to the 4 to 6 weeks needed after a hysterectomy.

  3. Effective Symptom Relief: UAE has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the symptoms associated with fibroids. Many women experience a significant decrease in pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and urinary frequency after the procedure. In some cases, fibroids may shrink by as much as 50% within the first few months.

  4. Uterine Preservation: Unlike hysterectomy, which removes the uterus, uterine artery embolization preserves the uterus, making it a favorable option for women who wish to maintain fertility. However, it is essential to note that UAE is not recommended for women who are actively trying to conceive, as the procedure can affect fertility.

  5. Low Risk of Complications: Uterine artery embolization is generally considered safe, with a low risk of complications. While there are some potential risks, such as infection or injury to the surrounding organs, they are rare. Most women experience a smooth recovery with minimal side effects.

Who is a Good Candidate for Uterine Artery Embolization?

UAE is a suitable treatment for many women with symptomatic fibroids, especially those who:

  • Have fibroids that are causing significant symptoms, such as heavy bleeding or pelvic pain.

  • Are not planning to get pregnant in the future (as fertility can be affected).

  • Want to avoid more invasive procedures like myomectomy or hysterectomy.

  • Have large or multiple fibroids that are difficult to treat with other methods.

However, UAE may not be appropriate for women who have very large fibroids, certain types of fibroids (such as submucosal fibroids), or those with specific health conditions that could complicate the procedure.

Conclusion

Uterine artery embolization offers a promising solution for women seeking effective, non-surgical treatment for uterine fibroids. With its minimal invasiveness, shorter recovery time, and high success rates, UAE provides significant relief from fibroid-related symptoms, allowing women to return to their normal lives more quickly. If you're struggling with fibroids and are considering your treatment options, uterine artery embolization may be a great option to discuss with your doctor.