Nanonewton level bond force sizes on biotinylated microbeads using a automated micropipette.

Author : Velasquez Kronborg | Published On : 23 Sep 2024

In image enhancement, WCE video review time reduction is also discussed, while reporting the challenges and future perspectives, including the new trend to employ the deep learning models for feature Learning, polyp recognition, and classification, as a new opportunity for researchers to develop future WCE video analysis techniques. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), cerebral blood flow (CBF) is decreased from the early stages. CBF in AD is currently estimated from Z-scores using statistical analysis. However, the Z-score is not considered the impaired area ratio. METHODS In the present study, a novel indicator, ΣzS, associated with brain surface area and Z-scores, was defined and the association with regional CBF was estimated using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, which indicate the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with AD. RESULTS A negative correlation was detected between ΣzS in the posterior cingulate gyrus and the subset numbers 1, 2, and 5 of the total MMSE scores. Furthermore, a negative correlation was detected between the total MMSE score and ΣzS in Brodmann area 30, which is a subdivided area of the brain. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ΣzS may be a useful indicator of CBF metabolism, and thus may improve the current understanding of cognitive function in patients with AD. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Three-dimensional (3D) is increasingly used in medical applications with most of the studies focusing on its applications in medical education and training, pre-surgical planning and simulation, and doctor-patient communication. An emerging area of utilising 3D printed models lies in the development of cardiac computed tomography (CT) protocols for visualisation and detection of cardiovascular disease. Specifically, 3D printed heart and cardiovascular models have been shown potential value in the evaluation of coronary plaques and coronary stents, aortic diseases and detection of pulmonary embolism. This review article provides an overview of the clinical value of 3D printed models in these areas with regard to the development of optimal CT scanning protocols for both diagnostic evaluation of cardiovascular disease and reduction of radiation dose. The expected outcomes are to encourage further research towards this direction. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Graves' Disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by increased levels of thyroid hormones correlated with increased thyroid blood flow. Thyroid scintigraphy is an important and conventional method. However, it has limited accessibility, has ionizing radiation, and is expensive. OBJECTIVES To investigate the thyroid blood flow in patients with Graves' Disease by color Doppler Ultrasonography and a newly developed software Color Quantification. METHODS Forty-one consecutive subjects with GD and 41 healthy controls were enrolled. Color Doppler ultrasonography parameters of the thyroid arteries and Color Quantification values of the gland were measured by a radiologist. The correlations between thyroid blood flow parameters, levels of 99mTechnetium pertechnetate uptake, thyrotropin, and free thyroxine were evaluated. The diagnostic performances of these parameters were investigated. RESULTS The peak systolic-end diastolic velocities of thyroid arteries and Color Quantification values were increased in the study group (p less then 0.05 for all). We observed negative correlations between thyrotropin levels and peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities of superior thyroid arteries and Color Quantification values. There were positive correlations between 99mTechnetium uptake levels and thyroid blood flow parameters (p less then 0.05 for all). In the diagnostic performance of thyroid blood flow parameters, we observed utilities significantly in peak- systolic and end-diastolic velocities of thyroid arteries and Color Quantification values (p less then 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION The increased peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities of thyroid arteries, and increased Color Quantification values might be helpful in the diagnosis of Graves' Disease. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.This article provides comprehensive and collective facts about teneligliptin. Teneligliptin is a dipeptide peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor belongs to the third generation, used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It inhibits human DPP-4 enzyme activity. This drug falls under class 3 as it interacts with the extensive sub-sites like S1, S2, and S2E. Teneligliptin and its metabolites mainly determined in human plasma matrix by hyphenated chromatographic methods. Theses developed methods could be foreseen for its clinical applications. Moreover, the stress degradation studies of teneligliptin under stress conditions along with identification of degraded product determined by liquid mass spectroscopy. These methods also used in routine quality control analysis of teneligliptin in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a subpopulation of tumor cells that possess self-renewal and tumor initiation capacity, and the ability to give rise to the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. CSCs exhibit intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to virtually all conventional cancer therapeutics, allowing them to survive current cancer therapies and to initiate tumor recurrence and metastasis. Different pathways and mechanisms that confer resistance and survival of CSCs, including activation of the Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways, expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and oncogenic microRNAs, and acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), have been identified recently. Certain phytochemicals, in particular curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), sulforaphane, resveratrol and genistein have been shown to interfere with these intrinsic CSC pathways in vitro and in human xenograft mice, leading to elimination of CSCs. Moreover, recent clinical trials have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of the five phytochemicals, alone or in combination with modern cancer therapeutics, and in various types of cancer. Since current cancer therapies fail to eradicate CSCs, leading to cancer recurrence and progression, targeting of CSCs with phytotochemicals such as curcumin, EGCG, sulforaphane, resveratrol and genistein, combined with each other and/or in combination with conventional cytotoxic drugs and novel cancer therapeutics, may offer a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMs)is a gynecological disease defined by the endometrial tissue appearing in other tissues or organs outside the uterus. Its clinical manifestations are dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, even infertility. check details Although EMs is a benign disease, it has the characteristics of malignant tumor and has the potential of malignant transformation. Recent studies have found that endometriosis may involve epigenetic changes and various epigenetic aberrations may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Among them, aberrant DNA methylation is the main form. Previous studies have elucidated the epigenetic components of endometriosis and reported variations in epigenetic patterns of genes known to be associated with abnormal hormonal, immune, and inflammatory states of endometriosis. With the development of high-throughput sequencing and other biomolecular technologies，we have a better understanding of genome-wide methylation in endometriosis. OBJECTIVE But the epigenetic drugs targeting of DNA methylation in the therapy of endometriosis hasn't been elaborated systematically. RESULTS This article review the role of DNA methylation in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and provide the insight into the mechanisms underlining the potential application of targeting of DNA methylation modifiers as a novel therapeutic approach for endometriosis. We also review current progress in using DNA methylation inhibitors in EMs therapy and the potential promise and challenges ahead. CONCLUSION Aberrant DNA methylation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and epigenetic agents targeting DNA methyltransferase is expected to be the theoretical basis for the new treatment of endometriosis. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects the majority of organs and systems. Traditional therapies do not lead to complete remission of disease but only relieve symptoms and inflammation. B cells are the most important effector cell types in the pathogenesis of SLE. Therefore, therapies targeting B cells and their related cytokines are a very important milestone for SLE treatment. Several biologics that modulate B cells, either depleting B cells or blocking B cell functions, have been developed and evaluated in clinical trials. Belimumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically binds B cells activating factor (BAFF), was the first of these agents approved for SLE treatment. In this review, we explore the currently available evidence in B cell targeted therapies in SLE including agents that target B cell surface antigens (CD19, CD20, CD22), B cell survival factors (BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand, APRIL), cytokines (interleukin-1 and type 1 interferons) and co-stimulatory molecules (CD40 ligand). We highlighted the mechanisms of action and the individual characteristics of these biologics, and present an update on the clinical trials that have evaluated their efficacy and safety. Finally, we describe some of the emerging and promising therapies for SLE treatment.The adsorption property of Sumatriptan drug onto graphene oxide (GO) was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All possible initial positions of drug adsorption were considered to find out which one is energetically favorable. According to the achieved findings, the stronger interactions occurred between the positively polarized parts of the Sumatriptan (i.e. hydrogen atoms of the-OH and -NH parts) and negatively polarized oxygen atoms of the GO. The presence of non-covalent interactions of GO and Sumatriptan was confirmed based on the determined geometrical parameters, electronic structure analysis results, and adsorption energies. Different parameters such as frontier molecular orbital (FMO), natural bond orbital (NBO), dipole moment, and solation energy were investigated. Global indices such as hardness, softness, chemical potential, and electrophilicity of all systems were calculated and compared. The adsorption energy values were determined within the range of -8.39 to -10.59 kcal/mol (-1.