Childrens Expression of Be concerned During the COVID-19 Widespread in Sweden.

Author : Moos Holm | Published On : 26 Sep 2024

Patients with TON caused by acute methanol poisoning are common to have optic atrophy with either residual visual functions or complete blindness as well as microcysts formation, structural changes and destruction of the ellipsoid zone and outer segments of photoreceptors. In patient with methanol intoxication after use of ethanol, which is known to be an antidote, complete visual recovery was observed, although some microcystic changes and ganglion cells layer thinning were noted.
Patients with TON caused by acute methanol poisoning are common to have optic atrophy with either residual visual functions or complete blindness as well as microcysts formation, structural changes and destruction of the ellipsoid zone and outer segments of photoreceptors. In patient with methanol intoxication after use of ethanol, which is known to be an antidote, complete visual recovery was observed, although some microcystic changes and ganglion cells layer thinning were noted.Detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a manifestation of a number of degenerative, vascular, inflammatory processes in the eye. The most common cause of RPE detachment in older individuals is the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Only in 10% of cases the detachment is transudative (avascular), characterized by high domed serous RPE detachment. The article presents an analysis of a case of idiopathic bilateral avascular pigment epithelium detachment - clinical, morphological and functional features of the disease, its impact on the visual functions and the quality of life.The article describes a clinical case of acute macular neuroretinopathy and «chronic» paracentral acute middle maculopathy in a patient with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome - an orphan disease characterized by systemic thrombosis in the vessels of the microcirculatory bed due to chronic uncontrolled activation of the alternative complement pathway. Optical coherence tomography angiography data confirm the ischemic nature of the disease with localization in the deep vascular plexus of the retina in acute macular neuroretinopathy and in the superficial vascular plexus of the retina in «chronic» paracentral acute middle maculopathy. The use of modern diagnostic methods, including optical coherence tomography angiography, can help improve detection of the pathology and expand its understanding in severe microangiopathic syndromes, which include atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome.The article presents a clinical case of using anti-VEGF therapy in the treatment of retinal neovascularization consequent to angioid streaks (AS). Angioid streaks are linear breaks or divergences in an abnormally brittle or calcified Bruch's membrane. The development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to AS is one of the most serious complications of the disease and the main cause of visual impairment, especially in active middle-aged patients. Currently, determination of the morphology and activity of CNV is done using multimodal macular imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography of the retina (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), fluorescin angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and autofluorescence. With the discovery of anti-VEGF therapy, it became possible to improve and stabilize functional results in this group of patients.The article presents a clinical case of a functioning hyaloid artery in a 69-year-old patient. The results of OCT-angiography made it possible to detect the presence of blood flow in the projection of the persistent hyaloid artery (PHA) on the cross-section and en-face images. The vascular bed of PHA spreading along the posterior surface of the lens in the form of separate branches was visualized by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The uniqueness of this clinical case lies in the low probability of such findings in the elderly. The presence of a developing cataract indicates the need for an individual approach in determining treatment strategies. In our opinion, the consistent use of laser coagulation technologies and laser photodestruction of PHA will minimize the risk of hemophthalmos and tractional retinal detachment during the upcoming cataract surgery.
To assess the functional results of antiangiogenic therapy in patients with exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in real clinical practice.

The study included 90 people (90 eyes) with active choroidal neovascularization (CNV) on the background of AMD. All patients were divided into 6 groups depending on the year of treatment - from 2013 to 2018, all patients were divided into 6 groups and overall the retrospective study sited at Research Institute of Eye Diseases (Moscow) lasted 8 years. All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination including visometry, biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy under drug-induced mydriasis, as well as optical coherence tomography, fundus angiography and OCT-angiography.

According to the results of the analysis of OCT data obtained from 2013 to 2017, among all patients with exudative AMD, patients with types I and II of CNV and single patients with RAP prevailed, which explains the high visual acuity - about 0.5 - in all groups after the start of visual acuity, a decrease in the thickness of the retina and total macular volume. SB939 concentration The lack of improvements of visual acuity is most likely associated with a small amount of IVI.There are currently no reliable biomarkers for predicting the response to treatment of diabetic macula edema (DME).
To asses the predictive role of neurodegenerative biomarker of the response to anti-VEGF therapy of DME.

Examination and treatment was carried out on 14 patients (20 eyes) with DME. The eyes were divided into 2 groups by the type of diabetes 6 eyes with type 1 diabetes and 14 eyes with type 2 diabetes. The duration of diabetes was 16.5±7.9 years, the level of glycated hemoglobin was 8.4±2%. A number of indicators were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in order to determine the neurodegenerative biomarkers of the response to anti-VEGF treatment. All patients underwent standard loading course of Aflibercept (5 intravitreal injections).

Significant improvement in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and decrease of central retinal thickness (CRT) was seen after the treatment course. Data analysis revealed a correlation between functional outcomes of the treatment, and the follokers of the response to the anti-VEGF drug therapy have been determined thickness of the peripapillary RNFL, GCL+ and GCL ++, as well as integrity of the ellipsoid zone.
To evaluate the effectiveness of bony orbital decompression in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).

The study analyzed 255 patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) and bony orbital decompression. Those among them who had DON as an indication for surgery were investigated further. Patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination, computer perimetry, color vision assessment using Ishihara tables, relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), computed tomography (CT) of the orbit, and in some cases optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve.

Final analysis included 31 patients (52 eyes). On 13 orbits, only lateral wall decompression was performed, and medial wall decompression was the only intervention in 7 orbits. In other cases, these techniques were performed either simultaneously - in 14 orbits, or alternately - in 18 orbits. In the postoperative period, all patients showed significant positive dynamics in terms of visual acuity, visual field, and proptosis. In all cases, decrease of the amount of orbital inflammation was observed. Exophthalmos significantly decreased after surgery and averaged 20.5±3.1 mm, which is 4.7 mm less than the initial one. All changes were statistically significant (
<0.01).

Bony orbital decompression is an effective and safe treatment option for DON resistant to high doses of glucocorticoids. In the vast majority of cases, this intervention is the only way to improve and stabilize visual function in this severe category of patients.
Bony orbital decompression is an effective and safe treatment option for DON resistant to high doses of glucocorticoids. In the vast majority of cases, this intervention is the only way to improve and stabilize visual function in this severe category of patients.
To evaluate the relationship between the morphological and functional parameters of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors (PR) in inherited retinal diseases (IRD).

The study included 52 patients (104 eyes), 23 of them with Stargardt Disease (STGD), 19 with cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), 10 with retinitis pigmentosa/pigmentary abiotrophy (RP) of comparable disease durations. All patients underwent standard and additional ophthalmological examination fundus autofluorescence (AF), spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT), computer perimetry (CP), electro-oculography (EOG), Ganzfeld electroretinography (gERG).

Comparison of the groups of IRD patients and groups according to the degree of RPE damage with the control group revealed an increase in differences in the EOG and gERG indicators as the area and depth of damage to the RPE and PR progressed. The patterns of changes in RPE and PR, the frequency of their occurrence with IRD in this patient sample are described. A moderate correlation was foudern methods of retinal examination can help obtain complete and versatile picture of morphological and functional state of the retina in IDR that supplement each other. EOG and gERG have capability to determine the degree of RPE and PR functions impairment including those cases when morphological studies are not sufficiently informative.
To investigate the features of various parameters of the density of retinal blood vessels, optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary region in hereditary optic neuropathy (HON) patients revealed with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

The study included 29 HON patients divided into three groups based on symptoms duration (less than 1 year; 1-5 years, more than 5 years) and visual acuity (0.5-1.0; 0.04-0.4; 0.03 and lower). Relative macular, optic disc and peripapillary vessel density (VD, %) was assessed by OCTA (xR Avanti, Optovue Inc., USA).

Significant progressive VD reduction in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was detected in all parafovea sectors and in the temporal sector of perifovea over the course of disease progression. No significant differences of these parameters were found in correlation with visual acuity. Patients with VA of 0.5-1.0 turned out to have greater VD in deep capillary plexus (DCP), whereas no differences were found in relation to the duration of HON. A strong significant correlation between the SCP and DCP VD only in central foveal area was revealed in all groups depending on the VA and symptoms duration. Over the course of HON progression, VD in the temporal sector and in temporal segments of superior and inferior sectors has gradually reduced. In patients with VA of 0.5-1.0, the retinal nerve fibers layer (RNFL) thickness in the temporal sector and optic nerve VD was notably greater compared to patients with lower VA. The most significant correlation was established between VA and structural changes (K=0.75,
<0.001) and VD in the temporal sector (
=0.57-0.61,
<0.001).

The obtained data suggest that derivative microvascular changes play an active role in the clinical progression of the disease.
The obtained data suggest that derivative microvascular changes play an active role in the clinical progression of the disease.