Electrochemical-Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed Oxidative Fluoroalkylation associated with Aryl Iodides.

Author : Kvist Schwartz | Published On : 16 Feb 2025

BACKGROUND Most elderly people undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment have a high incidence of frailty, cognitive impairment and emotional disturbance leading to a significant impact on families. The burden experienced by the family caregivers could affect their physical and emotion health. The objective of this study was to examine the level of burden on family caregivers of elderly adults receiving PD and to identify any contributing factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study employing convenience sampling. Patient-caregiver dyads were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a university hospital in China in 2019. Caregivers provided information on their perceived burden and health-related quality of life. The elderly patients reported their functional dependence and depressive symptoms in the same interview. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the factors contributing to caregivers' burden. RESULTS Sixty patient-caregiver dyads were recruited. The patients had a mean age of 70.7 ± 7.4 years. The caregivers reported moderate levels of burden having ZBI score of 30.5 ± 15.9. Multivariate analyses showed that being female, perceiving one's financial status as insufficient, a low level of social support for the caregiver, depressive symptoms in the patients and disability in carrying out the instrumental activities of daily life were statistically significant predictors of caregiver burden (adjusted R2  = 0.46, p  less then  0.001). CONCLUSION Elderly adults receiving PD who experience physical dependence and depressive symptoms are a burden for caregivers. In response to this challenge, interventions designed with the goal of supporting the emotional and mental wellbeing of caregivers are warranted. © 2020 European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association.BACKGROUND Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer (GC) reduces cancer recurrence and improves survival. S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) is well-tolerated and effective against advanced GC, and also be used widely in adjuvant treatment. However, data comparing SOX and XELOX as adjuvant treatments are lacking. METHOD Data on treatment modalities, adverse events, recurrence and metastasis were collected from 180 patients with stage II and III GC, who received SOX or XELOX after D2 gastrectomy between January 2012 and December 2015, and analyzed retrospectively. The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate. RESULTS Median follow was 52.9 months; 3-year DFS rate and overall survival (OS) rate were 75.2% and 67.6% (P = 0.359) and 81.2% and 83.3% (P = 0.77) in the SOX and XELOX groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in peritoneal metastasis rates in the SOX and XELOX groups (8.6% vs 15%, respectively; P = 0.232). Compound recurrent disease was associated with significantly shorter OS. selleck products Multivariate analysis identified metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) as an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.036; hazard ratio = 2.875; 95% confidence interval, 1.069-7.729); the LNR ≥17% group had inferior 3-year OS rate to the LNR  less then 17% group (P = 0.001). The incidence of grades 3 and 4 adverse events was similar in both groups; however, grade ≥2 hand-foot syndrome was significantly less frequent in the SOX group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION SOX has similar survival benefits to XELOX and is well-tolerated in Chinese patients with GC following D2 gastrectomy. © 2020 The Authors. Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.In this work, a convenient method for the therapeutic monitoring of seven common antipsychotic drugs in "dried plasma spot" samples has been developed. It is based on the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique, operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode, and a straightforward procedure for the simultaneous extraction of all antipsychotics in a single step, with high extraction yield. The method was fully validated with proper accuracy, precision, selectivity and sensitivity, for all the drugs. Limits of quantification were 0.12, 1.09, 1.46, 1.47, 5.70, 1.32, 1.33 µg/L for haloperidol, aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, clozapine, risperidone, and paliperidone, respectively. Accuracy, intra- and interday precision values were  less then 10% for all drugs at all concentration levels examined. The method was tested in the analysis of 30 plasma samples from real patients for each drug. The proposed analytical approach, by combining practical and logistical advantages of microsampling with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analytical performance, could offer an ideal strategy for accurate and timely therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotic drugs in most clinical settings, even in remote centers and/or in out-patient settings, bringing so many potential improvements in psychiatric patient care. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Much effort within the nanosafety field is currently focused on the use of advanced in vitro models to reduce the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. Within this context, precision-cut tissue slices are a unique ex vivo model to investigate nanoparticle impact using live tissue from laboratory animals and even humans. However, several aspects of the basic mechanisms of nanoparticle interactions with tissue have not yet been elucidated. To this end, liver slices are exposed to carboxylated and amino-modified polystyrene known to have a different impact on cells. As observed in standard cell cultures, amino-modified polystyrene nanoparticles induce apoptosis, and their impact is affected by the corona forming on their surface in biological fluids. Subsequently, a detailed time-resolved study of nanoparticle uptake and distribution in the tissue is performed, combining fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry on cells recovered after tissue digestion. As observed in vivo, the Kupffer cells accumulate high nanoparticle amounts and, interestingly, they move within the tissue towards the slice borders. Similar observations are reproduced in liver slices from human tissue. Thus, tissue slices can be used to reproduce ex vivo important features of nanoparticle outcomes in the liver and study nanoparticle impact on real tissue. © 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.